The second heart sound is also two components, A2 and P2.
2.
The closure of the aortic valve contributes the A2 component of the second heart sound.
3.
The closure of the pulmonary valve contributes the P2 component of the second heart sound.
4.
The closure of the aortic valve contributes the A component of the second heart sound.
5.
The closure of the pulmonary valve contributes the P2 component of the second heart sound ( S2 ).
6.
In unaffected individuals, respiratory variations occur in the splitting of the second heart sound ( S 2 ).
7.
The second heart sound ( A 2 ) tends to become decreased and softer as the aortic stenosis becomes more severe.
8.
The aortic valve closes earlier than the pulmonary valve and they are audibly separated from each other in the second heart sound.
9.
If pulmonary hypertension secondary to mitral stenosis is severe, the P 2 ( pulmonic ) component of the second heart sound ( S 2 ) will become loud.
10.
The right heart is a low-pressure system, so the P2 component of the second heart sound is usually softer than the A2 component of the second heart sound.
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